Historian Ramachandra Guha examines Mahatma Gandhi’s 1922 vision for a self-governing India, which identified four essential foundations for national stability. Gandhi argued that the eradication of untouchability, the promotion of hand-spun khaddar, the fostering of Hindu-Muslim harmony, and the practice of non-violence were permanent requirements for the nation's success. Guha interprets the call to end untouchability as a broader mandate for achieving social justice, encompassing both caste and gender equality. By revisiting these principles a century later, the analysis considers how these core tenets remain critical to the structural integrity of the country. The reflection highlights that removing any single pillar would threaten the entire framework of swaraj, prompting a contemporary assessment of how these ideals have evolved or endured in modern Indian society.
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