India faces a complex challenge in its transition to net zero emissions by 2070, given that its per capita energy consumption remains well below global averages. Currently, the nation's energy infrastructure is heavily dependent on coal for industrial and power needs, while oil and biomass remain critical for transportation and residential use. Data from 2019 indicates that domestic production covers roughly half of the total primary energy supply. To meet its climate objectives, India must prioritize two strategic shifts: significantly expanding renewable electricity generation and transitioning industrial processes toward electrification. These structural changes are essential to decoupling the country's economic growth from its traditional reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources.
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